Types of Childhood Cancer

Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of the bone marrow and tissues which produce the circulating blood cells. Leukemias are the most common childhood cancers.

Types of leukemia include:
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL):
The most common childhood cancer. Almost 75% of children with leukemia have ALL, a cancer of the lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and the lymphoid organs of the body. They are involved in the body's immune system.

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
AML (also called acute myeloid leukemia, acute nonlymphatic leukemia or ANLL) is cancer of the myeloid blood cells which are produced in the bone marrow and which help fight bacterial infections.
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Cancers of the Central
Nervous System

Brain tumors
There are many types of brain tumors; the most common are called gliomas. Less common ependymomas can occur inside or along the spinal cord, but usually start in the brain itself.

Neuroblastoma:
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system which most often originates in the adrenal glands above the kidney. SarcomasSarcomas are cancerous tumors involving the bones and soft tissues.
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Bone cancers

Osteosarcoma:
This is the most common type of bone sarcoma. These tumors often are located at the growing end of the long bones of the extremities, close to the joints.

Ewings Sarcoma
A bone cancer that often appears in the middle of the bone. Commonly found in the thighs, hipbones, upper arms and ribs.
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Soft Tissue Sarcomas:

Rhabdomyosarcoma:
A soft tissue sarcoma that develops in muscles. Most often found in the head, neck, kidneys, bladder, arms and legs. LymphomasLymphoma is a tumor of the lymph tissues, which are part of the immune system. Types of lymphoma include:

Hodgkin Disease:
Hodkins Disease or Hodgkin's lymphoma: affects lymph nodes nearer to the body's surface, such as in the neck, armpit and groin area.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma:
Affect lymph nodes found deep within the body. There are many types of lymphoma, include Burkitt's, non-Burkitt's, and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Liver CancersLiver cancer is an abnormal growth (tumor) in the liver.
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The most common forms of liver cancer in children are:
Hepatoblastoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cancers of the Kidney
Wilms tumor: also called nephroblastoma
Clear Cell Sarcoma
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Other Types of Cancers

Retinoblastoma:
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina (a thin membrane in the back of the eye).

Germ Cell Tumors:
Germ cell tumors appear most commonly in the testes, the ovaries, the area at the bottom of the spine (sacrococcygeal) and in the middle of the brain, chest or abdomen.
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